Genetic polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme, actinin 3 and paraoxonase 1 genes in women with diabetes and hypertension

ABSTRACT Objective: To study associations between polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE I/D), actinin 3 (ACTN3 R577X) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1 T(-107)C) genes and chronic diseases (diabetes and hypertension) in women. Materials and methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples of 78 women between 18 and 59 years old used for genetic polymorphism screening. Biochemical data were collected from the medical records in Basic Health Units from Southern Brazil. Questionnaires about food consumption, physical activity level and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: The XX genotype of ACTN3 was associated with low HDL levels and high triglycerides, total cholesterol and glucose levels. Additionally, high triglycerides and LDL levels were observed in carriers of the TT genotype of PON1, and lower total cholesterol levels were associated to the CC genotype. As expected, women with diabetes/hypertense had increased body weight, BMI (p = 0.02), waist circumference (p = 0.01), body fat percentage, blood pressure (p = 0.02), cholesterol, triglycerides (p = 0.02), and blood glucose (p = 0.01), when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Both ACTN3 R577X and PON1 T(-107)C polymorphisms are associated with nutritional status and blood glucose and lipid levels in women with diabetes/hypertense. These results contribute to genetic knowledge about predisposition to obesity-related diseases.

Retrospective review of medicine utilization for noncommunicable diseases in three public sector pharmacies in Jamaica / Revisión retrospectiva del uso de medicamentos para enfermedades no transmisibles en tres farmacias del sector público de Jamaica / Revisão retrospectiva do uso de medicamentos para doenças não transmissíveis em três farmácias da rede pública na Jamaica

ABSTRACT Objective. The rational use of medicines offers a cost-saving strategy to maximize therapeutic outcomes for developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rational use of medicines for selected noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at three pharmacies at public hospitals in Jamaica using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) prescribing indicators. Methods. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, prescriptions for adult outpatients containing at least one medicine for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma that were filled between January and July 2019 were reviewed using WHO's prescribing indicators for the rational use of medicines. Data were analyzed and expressed as descriptive and inferential statistics. For all analyses conducted, significance was determined at P < 0.05. Results. A total of 1 500 prescriptions covering 5 979 medicines were reviewed; prescriptions were mostly written for female patients aged 42-60 years. Polypharmacy was observed in 35.6% (534) of prescriptions, and there was an average of 4 medicines per prescription, with a maximum of 17. Most of the prescriptions at each site were filled, with the main reason for not dispensing a medicine being that it was out of stock. Generic prescribing was high for all sites, accounting for more than 95% (5 722) of prescribed medicines. There was full compliance with prescribing according to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines at two of the sites, but it was just off the target at Site 1, by 1.4%. Conclusions. The WHO guidelines for the rational use of medicines were followed with respect to the proportion of medicines prescribed from the WHO Model List and the proportion of antibiotics prescribed. The number of medicines per prescription and the proportion of medicines prescribed by generic name did not meet the WHO criteria. However, prescribing was aligned with treatment guidelines for the selected NCDs.

RESUMEN Objetivo. El uso racional de los medicamentos proporciona una estrategia de ahorro de costos para maximizar los resultados terapéuticos tanto en los países en desarrollo como en los países desarrollados. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso racional de medicamentos para algunas enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) seleccionadas en tres farmacias de hospitales públicos de Jamaica, usando los indicadores de prescripción de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Métodos. En este estudio transversal retrospectivo se examinaron las prescripciones realizadas a pacientes ambulatorios adultos que incluían al menos un medicamento para enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes, cáncer, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica o asma, dispensadas entre enero y julio del 2019, utilizando los indicadores de prescripción para el uso racional de medicamentos de la OMS. Los datos se analizaron y expresaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Para todos los análisis realizados se estableció un nivel de significación de p <0,05. Resultados. Se examinó un total de 1 500 prescripciones que incluían 5 979 medicamentos; la mayor parte de ellas correspondían a pacientes de sexo femenino de 42 a 60 años. Se observó que había polimedicación en el 35,6% (534) de las prescripciones, con un promedio de 4 y un máximo de 17 medicamentos por receta. En todos los centros se dispensó la mayor parte de los medicamentos prescritos, y el motivo principal para no hacerlo fue la falta de existencias del medicamento en cuestión. La prescripción de genéricos fue elevada en todos los centros y supuso más del 95% (5 722) de los medicamentos prescritos. En dos centros la prescripción se realizó en su totalidad de acuerdo con la Lista Modelo de Medicamentos Esenciales de la OMS, pero en el centro 1 no se alcanzó el objetivo por un 1,4%. Conclusiones. Se siguieron las directrices de la OMS para el uso racional de medicamentos en cuanto a la proporción de medicamentos prescritos de la Lista Modelo de la OMS y la proporción de antibióticos prescritos. El número de medicamentos por receta y la proporción de medicamentos prescritos mediante su nombre genérico no cumplieron con los criterios de la OMS. Sin embargo, las prescripciones estaban en consonancia con las directrices de tratamiento de las enfermedades no transmisibles seleccionadas.

RESUMO Objetivo. O uso racional de medicamentos é uma estratégia de contenção de custos para maximizar os resultados terapêuticos em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso racional de medicamentos para algumas doenças não transmissíveis selecionadas em três farmácias de hospitais públicos na Jamaica a partir dos indicadores de prescrição preconizados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Métodos. Estudo transversal retrospectivo que avaliou receitas médicas de pacientes ambulatoriais adultos contendo pelo menos um medicamento prescrito para doença cardiovascular, diabetes, câncer, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica ou asma e dispensadas entre janeiro e julho de 2019. A avaliação foi realizada a partir dos indicadores de prescrição preconizados pela OMS para o uso racional de medicamentos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. O nível de significância de p <0,05 foi adotado em todas as análises. Resultados. Ao todo, foram analisadas 1 500 receitas médicas compreendendo 5 979 medicamentos. Em sua maioria, as receitas foram prescritas para pacientes do sexo feminino com idades entre 42 e 60 anos. A polifarmácia foi observada em 35,6% (534) das receitas; em média, foram prescritos 4 medicamentos, até um máximo de 17. As farmácias estudadas dispensaram a maior parte dos medicamentos receitados. O principal motivo para não fornecer algum medicamento foi o desabastecimento. O percentual de medicamentos genéricos foi alto em todos os locais, representando mais de 95% (5 722) do volume receitado. Houve plena observância da Lista Modelo de Medicamentos Essenciais da OMS nas receitas analisadas em dois dos locais estudos, e observância quase completa (diferença de 1,4%) no local 1. Conclusões. As diretrizes da OMS de uso racional de medicamentos foram cumpridas no que se refere ao percentual de medicamentos receitados de acordo com a Lista Modelo da OMS e o percentual de antibióticos receitados. Os critérios da OMS não foram cumpridos quanto ao número de medicamentos por receita e ao percentual receitado usando o nome genérico. Porém, os medicamentos foram receitados de acordo com as diretrizes terapêuticas para as doenças não transmissíveis selecionadas.

Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of a patient with multimorbities: experience report / Acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico em paciente com multimorbidades: um relato de experiência / Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en pacientes con multimorbilidad: informe de una experiencia

Chronic non-communicable diseases are growing global health problems. The objective of this study was to promote pharmaceutical care for a patient with multimorbidities in order to improve its quality of life. A pharmacotherapeutic follow-up was performed using the SOAP method, registered in the form of clinical evolution, along with laboratory tests, anthropometric measurements and application of validated instruments to assess pharmacological adherence, mental health and quality of life. The report deals with a female patient, 55 years old, obese and dyslipidemic, sedentary, hypertensive, diabetic and on the control phase of breast cancer. Self-medication with antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor was identified. Despite the good pharmacological adherence, the patient had decompensated diabetes, accompanied by dyslipidemia without treatment and interruption of supplements. After pharmacological and non- pharmacological interventions, the patient showed a significant improvement in the reduction of anthropometric measurements and in biochemical parameters. At the end of the follow-up, pharmaceutical care proved to be fundamental in identifying the patient's health problems, contributing to obtain a more rational pharmacotherapy.

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são problemas de saúde globais crescentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi promover a assistência farmacêutica a um paciente com multimorbidades, a fim de melhorar sua qualidade de vida. Foi realizado acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico pelo método SOAP e aplicação de instrumentos validados para avaliar adesão farmacológica, saúde mental e qualidade de vida. O relato trata de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 55 anos, obesa e dislipidêmica, sedentária, hipertensa, diabética e em fase de controle do câncer de mama. Foi identificada automedicação com antibióticos e inibidor de bomba de prótons. Apesar da boa adesão farmacológica, a paciente apresentava diabetes descompensado, acompanhada de dislipidemia sem tratamento e interrupção das suplementações. Após intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, a paciente apresentou melhora significativa na redução das medidas antropométricas e nos parâmetros bioquímicos. Ao final do acompanhamento, a assistência farmacêutica mostrou-se fundamental na identificação dos problemas de saúde do paciente.

Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles constituyen un creciente problema de salud mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue promover la asistencia farmacéutica a un paciente con multimorbilidades para mejorar su calidad de vida. Se realizó seguimiento farmacoterapéutico por el método SOAP y aplicación de instrumentos validados para evaluar adherencia farmacológica, salud mental y calidad de vida. O relato trata de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 55 anos, obesa e dislipidêmica, sedentária, hipertensa, diabética e em fase de controle do câncer de mama. Se identificó automedicación con antibióticos e inhibidor de la bomba de protones. A pesar del buen cumplimiento farmacológico, la paciente presentó diabetes descompensada, acompañada de dislipidemia no tratada e interrupción de la suplementación. Tras intervenciones farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, la paciente mostró una mejoría significativa en la reducción de las medidas antropométricas y los parámetros bioquímicos. Al final del seguimiento, la asistencia farmacéutica demostró ser fundamental en la identificación de los problemas de salud del paciente.

Aplicaciones de un instrumento para evaluar factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles en población trabajadora

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud diseñó un instrumento para la vigilancia de los factores de riesgo asociados con las enfermedades crónicas, este abarca tres pasos que incluyen los datos personales y comportamentales, antropométricos y bioquímicos. Objetivo: Describir las aplicaciones del Instrumento STEPS (paso 1) para la identificación de factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles en adultos trabajadores, según país y año de publicación. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de estudios originales que utilizaron el STEPS, publicados entre 2015 y 2019 en español, inglés y portugués en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar. Resultados: Se revisaron 20 documentos de los cuales 6 fueron de Asia y África, y el año de mayor publicación fue 2017. El consumo nocivo del alcohol, tabaquismo, inactividad física y alimentación no saludable son los riesgos más estudiados. Conclusiones: La utilización del instrumento STEPS en publicaciones es más frecuente en países de África y Asia. Se requiere que su implementación sea sistemática y difundida en otros países, con la finalidad de diseñar e implementar estrategias de salud pública para la prevención, mitigación y tratamiento oportuno de las enfermedades no transmisibles.

Introduction: The World Health Organization designed an instrument for the surveillance of risk factors associated with chronic diseases, it has three steps that include personal and behavioral, anthropometric, and biochemical data. Objective: To describe the applications of the STEPS Instrument (step 1) to identify behavioral risk factors associated with noncommunicable diseases in working adults, according to country and year of publication. Methodology: Narrative review of original studies that used STEPS, published between 2015 and 2019 in Spanish, English and Portuguese in the databases PubMed, SciELO, and the search engine Google Scholar. Results: A total of 20 studies were reviewed, of which 6 were from Asia and Africa, and the year of most significant publication was 2017. The most studied risks are harmful alcohol consumption, smoking, physical inactivity, and unhealthy eating. Conclusions: the use of the STEPS instrument in publications is more frequent in countries of Africa and Asia. Its implementation must be systematic and disseminated in other countries to design and implement public health strategies for the prevention, mitigation, and timely treatment of noncommunicable diseases.

Assistência da Prática Avançada de Enfermagem nas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: uma scoping review / Advanced Practice Nursing assistance in noncommunicable chronic diseases: a scoping review

OBJETIVO: Mapear na literatura como ocorre a assistência da prática avançada de enfermagem às pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. MÉTODO: Scoping review, realizada em bases de dados e fontes de literatura cinzenta pelo cruzamento dos descritores "Prática Avançada de Enfermagem"; "Atenção Primária à Saúde"; "Resultados, efeitos, impactos, consequências" em inglês. RESULTADOS: a amostra foi de 24 artigos, 10 (41,60%) enfocam a assistência de enfermagem de prática avançada em pacientes com diabetes; seis (25,00%) no campo dos pacientes com doença cardiovascular; três (12,50%) no campo dos pacientes com câncer; três (12,50%) abordam o papel da prática avançada em mais de uma doença crônica não transmissível e dois (8,30%) abordam o desempenho em pacientes com doenças respiratórias. CONCLUSÃO: identificou-se a assistência da prática avançada de enfermagem às pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e observou-se resultados positivos na atenção das quatro doenças crônicas estudadas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe how advanced practice nursing support is provided to individuals with noncommunicable chronic diseases in primary health care through a literature review. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted using databases and grey literature sources by intersecting the terms "advanced practice nursing"; "primary health care"; "outcomes, effects, impacts, consequences" in English. Results: The sample consisted of 24 articles, of which 10 (41.60%) focused on advanced nursing practice support in patients with diabetes; six (25.00%) in the area of patients with cardiovascular disease; three (12.50%) in the area of patients with cancer; three (12.50%) addressed the role of advanced practice in more than one noncommunicable chronic disease, and two (8.30%) addressed performance in patients with respiratory disease. CONCLUSION: Advanced nursing practice support for individuals with noncommunicable chronic diseases was identified, and positive outcomes were observed in the care of the four chronic diseases studied.

Os Seis Pilares da Medicina do Estilo de Vida no Manejo de Doenças Não Transmissíveis - As Lacunas nas Diretrizes Atuais / The Six Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine in Managing Noncommunicable Diseases - The Gaps in Current Guidelines

Resumo Fundamento: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), também conhecidas como doenças crônicas de longa duração, são consideradas a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em todo o mundo, e os seis pilares da medicina do estilo de vida (nutrição, exercício, controle de tóxicos, manejo do estresse, saúde do sono e conexão social) desempenham um papel importante na gestão holística da sua prevenção e tratamento. Além disso, as diretrizes médicas são os documentos mais aceitos com recomendações para o manejo das DCNT. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a ausência de pilares de estilo de vida nas principais diretrizes médicas brasileiras sobre as DCNT e identificar evidências na literatura que possam justificar sua inclusão nos documentos. Método: As diretrizes brasileiras foram selecionadas de acordo com as causas de morte mais relevantes no Brasil, informadas pelo Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde em 2019. Os periódicos foram selecionados na biblioteca PUBMED de acordo com a doença e os pilares do estilo de vida não mencionados. Resultados: Causas relevantes de mortes no Brasil são o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), o diabetes mellitus (DM) e as doenças pulmonares obstrutivas crônicas (DPOC). Foram identificadas seis diretrizes relacionadas a essas DCNT e todas abordam aspectos do estilo de vida, mas apenas uma, referente à prevenção cardiovascular, destaca todos os seis pilares. Apesar disso, uma pesquisa bibliográfica envolvendo mais de 50 artigos mostrou que há evidências de que todos os pilares podem ajudar no controle de cada uma dessas DCNT. Conclusão: Raramente os seis pilares do estilo de vida são contemplados nas diretrizes brasileiras para IAM, DM e DPOC. A revisão da literatura identificou evidências de todos os pilares do estilo de vida para oferecer uma abordagem holística para a gestão e prevenção das DCNT.

Abstract Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases that are long-lasting, are considered the major cause of death and disability worldwide, and the six pillars of lifestyle medicine (nutrition, exercise, toxic control, stress management, restorative sleep, and social connection) play an important role in a holistic management of their prevention and treatment. In addition, medical guidelines are the most accepted documents with recommendations to manage NCDs. Objective: The present study aims to analyze the lack of lifestyle pillars concerning the major Brazilian medical guidelines for NCDs and identify evidence in the literature that could justify their inclusion in the documents. Method: Brazilian guidelines were selected according to the most relevant causes of death in Brazil, given by the Mortality Information System, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2019. Journals were screened in the PUBMED library according to the disease and non-mentioned pillars of lifestyle. Results: Relevant causes of deaths in Brazil are acute myocardial infarction (AMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Six guidelines related to these NCDs were identified, and all address aspects of lifestyle, but only one, regarding cardiovascular prevention, highlights all six pillars. Despite this, a literature search involving over 50 articles showed that there is evidence that all the pillars can help control each of these NCDs. Conclusion: Rarely are the six pillars of lifestyle contemplated in Brazilian guidelines for AMI, DM, and COPD. The literature review identified evidence of all lifestyle pillars to offer a holistic approach for the management and prevention of NCDs.

Declaración de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría sobre la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles: la necesidad de fortalecer conocimientos y reforzar estrategias / Statement of the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría on the prevention of noncommunicable diseases: the need to strengthen knowledge and reinforce strategies

Investigaciones de las últimas décadas revelaron que un ambiente adverso en la etapa de desarrollo puede producir una mayor susceptibilidad hacia fenotipos relacionados con enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes, hipertensión, trastornos neuroconductuales y otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Estas enfermedades, cuyo aumento ocurre especialmente en países con alta vulnerabilidad social, provocan muertes prematuras y constituyen la primera causa de muerte en la vida adulta, además de un elevado costo para la salud pública. Consciente de la necesidad de prevenir estas enfermedades desde los primeros mil días de vida, la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría creó la Subcomisión DOHaD y formuló una declaración para la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles a la que adhirieron otros países de Latinoamérica. La aplicación de las estrategias declaradas con acciones interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales sostenidas en el tiempo contribuirá a construir salud, a disminuir la carga de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y al mayor bienestar y productividad para los pueblos.

Research in recent decades has revealed that an adverse environment in the developmental stage can produce a greater susceptibility to phenotypes related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, or neurobehavioral disorders, among other chronic noncommunicable diseases. These diseases, whose tendency is increasing especially in countries with high social vulnerability, cause premature deaths and constitute the first cause of death in adult life as well as a great cost to public health. Aware of the need to prevent these diseases from the first thousand days of life, the Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría created the DOHaD Committee and formulated a statement for the prevention of NCDs, to which Latin American countries also adhered. We believe that the application of the declared strategies with interdisciplinary and intersectoral actions sustained over time will contribute to building health, reducing the burden of NCDs, and to greater wellbeing and productivity for the people

Relación de las Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles y Ejercicio Físico en la Población Chilena entre los años 2015-2016 / Risk of Retention of Secretions in Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Introducción. Las prevalencias de la inactividad física, el sedentarismo y el sobrepeso y obesidad han aumentado sus índices durante los últimos años en Chile, lo que conlleva al desarrollo y aparición de diversas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como por ejemplo, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus e inclusive enfermedades respiratorias, las cuales repercuten negativamente en la población y deterioran la calidad de vida de las personas, independientemente el sexo y el rango etario. El ejercicio físico es una de las principales herramientas utilizadas por diversos profesionales de la salud como método de prevención y tratamiento en la población afectada, inclusive representa una alternativa de menor costo. Objetivo. Relacionar el ejercicio físico de alta y mediana intensidad con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en personas mayores a 18 años residentes en Chile durante el periodo 2015-2016. Métodos. Análisis cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de base secundaria ENCAVI 2015-2016, de residentes en Chile mayores de 18 años y con al menos una de las siguientes condiciones de salud: Hipertensión arterial, Diabetes Mellitus y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas no transmisibles. Resultados. Todas las variables presentan relaciones significativas (p<0,005) (HTA, DM, enfermedades respiratorias, edad, horas sentado, ejercicio físico de moderada y alta intensidad. Sin embargo, las variables de ejercicio físico moderada intensidad y enfermedades respiratorias (p=0,578) y las variables de sexo y horas sentado (p=0,005) no presentan relación significativa. Discusión. El ejercicio físico de moderada intensidad es el que tiene mejor respuesta ante las diferentes patologías según diferentes autores, por otro lado, en la recopilación de datos podemos encontrar que este tipo de ejercicio es efectivo en la Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusiones. Según los datos analizados, mientras mayor frecuencia de ejercicio físico de alta intensidad (en días) y ejercicio físico de moderada intensidad (en horas) se realice durante los últimos días de la semana, los diagnósticos de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (HTA, DM) y enfermedades respiratorias se verán controladas, mientras que, cuando existe menor frecuencia del ejercicio físico realizado durante los últimos días de la semana, tiende a existir mayor diagnóstico.

Background. The prevalence of physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, and overweight and obesity have increased their rates in recent years in Chile, which leads to the development and appearance of various chronic non-communicable diseases, such as for example, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and even respiratory diseases, which have a negative impact on the population and deteriorate the quality of life of people, regardless of gender and age range (7). Physical exercise is one of the main tools used by various health professionals as a method of prevention and treatment in the affected population, even representing a lower cost alternative. Objetive. To relate high and medium intensity physical exercise with chronic non-communicable diseases in people over 18 years of age residing in Chile during the period 2015-2016. Methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective analysis of the ENCAVI 2015-2016 secondary base of residents in Chile over 18 years of age and with at least one of the following health conditions: High blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus and chronic non-communicable respiratory diseases. Results. All the variables present significant relationships (p<0.005) (HTN, DM, respiratory diseases, age, hours sitting, moderate and high intensity physical exercise. However, the variables of moderate intensity physical exercise and respiratory diseases (p=0.578) and the variables of sex and sitting hours (p=0.005) do not present a significant relationship. Discussion. Moderate intensity physical exercise is the one that has the best response to different pathologies according to different authors, on the other hand, in data collection we can found that this type of exercise is effective in Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions. According to the data analyzed, the greater the frequency of high-intensity physical exercise (in days) and moderate-intensity physical exercise (in hours) performed during the last days of the week, the diagnoses of chronic non-communicable diseases (HTN, DM) and respiratory diseases will be controlled, while, when there is less frequency of physical exercise carried out during the last days of the week, there tends to be a greater diagnosis.

Sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos: aportes de un análisis geoespacial

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis geoespacial del comportamiENTo de sobrepeso y obesidad basado en la "Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional" de 2015. Metodología: Se aplica un modelo de análisis geoespacial de distribución espacial trasversal a partir de la Encuesta, a escala departamENTal. Para lograrlo, se calculan las prevalencias de sobrepeso, obesidad clase i, ii y iii según el índice de masa corporal y la obesidad abdominal en mujeres y hombres de acuerdo con la circunferencia de cintura. Se utilizan herramiENTas de sistemas de información geográfica, como el índice de Moran Global, el índice local de autocorrelación espacial (lisa) y el G* Getis Ord, para determinar los patrones de agrupaciones altas y bajas prevalencias. Resultados: Los conglomerados locales ilustrados en los mapas demuestran que sus residuales están distribuidos normalmENTe en el espacio. Se observa una aleatoriedad en el modelo de la autocorrelación espacial. Las agrupaciones de lisa alta-alta se presENTan en diez departamENTos con estas condiciones (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó y Cundinamarca). Según el índice de masa corporal, el 38,5 por cada 100 habitantes tienen sobrepeso; el 20,9 por cada 100 habitantes presENTa obesidad, y según la circunferencia de cintura, 53,2 por cada 100 habitantes tiene obesidad abdominal. Conclusiones: La distribución espacial del sobrepeso y la obesidad puede estar condicionada con variables sociodemográficas tratadas en el estudio. El país tiene el reto de continuar implemENTando acciones poblacionales en salud pública para disminuir estas condiciones.

Objective: To carry out a geospatial analysis of the behavior of overweight and obesity based on the "National Survey of Nutritional Situation" of 2015. Methodology: A geospatial analysis model of transversal spatial distribution is applied from the Survey, on a departmENTal scale. To achieve this, the prevalence of overweight, class I, II and III obesity according to body mass index and abdominal obesity in women and men according to waist circumference are calculated. Geographic information system tools, such as the Global Moran Index, Local Spatial Autocorrelation Index (LISA), and G* Getis Ord, are used to determine patterns of high clustering and low prevalence. Results: The local clusters illustrated on the maps demonstrate that their residuals are normally distributed in space. A randomness is observed in the spatial autocorrelation model. High-high LISA clusters occur in ten departmENTs with these conditions (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó and Cundinamarca). According to the body mass index, 38.5 per 100 inhabitants are overweight; 20.9 per 100 inhabitants are obese, and according to waist circumference, 53.2 per 100 inhabitants have abdominal obesity. Conclusions: The spatial distribution of overweight and obesity may be conditioned by the sociodemographic variables treated in the study. The country has the challenge of continuing to implemENT population actions in public health to reduce these conditions.

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise geoespacial do comportamENTo do sobrepeso e da obesidade com base na "Pesquisa Nacional de Situação Nutricional" de 2015. Metodologia: Aplica-se um modelo de análise geoespacial de distribuição espacial transversal da Pesquisa, em escala departamENTal. Para isso, calcula-se a prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade graus I, II e III segundo o índice de massa corporal e obesidade abdominal em mulheres e homens segundo a circunferência da cintura. As ferramENTas do sistema de informações geográficas, como o Índice de Moran Global, o Índice de Autocorrelação Espacial Local (Smooth) e o G* Getis Ord, são usadas para determinar padrões de alto agrupamENTo e baixa prevalência. Resultados: Os clusters locais ilustrados nos mapas demonstram que seus resíduos são normalmENTe distribuídos no espaço. Uma aleatoriedade é observada no modelo de autocorrelação espacial. Grupos de tainhas alto-alto ocorrem em dez departamENTos com essas condições (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlântico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó e Cundinamarca). De acordo com o índice de massa corporal, 38,5 por 100 habitantes estão acima do peso; 20,9 por 100 habitantes são obesos e, segundo a circunferência da cintura, 53,2 por 100 habitantes têm obesidade abdominal. Conclusões: A distribuição espacial do sobrepeso e da obesidade pode estar condicionada pelas variáveis sociodemográficas tratadas no estudo. O país tem o desafio de continuar implemENTando ações populacionais em saúde pública para reduzir esses agravos.

Cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico en enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la población colombiana: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Introducción. Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles representan la principal causa de muerte en el mundo y su prevalencia va en aumento debido a la transición epidemiológica. A pesar de los avances en su manejo, las cifras de control son deficientes y esto se atribuye a múltiples factores, como el cumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico, que es uno de los más representativos y menos estudiados en la población colombiana. Objetivo. Establecer la frecuencia de casos que cumplieron con el tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes colombianos con hipertensión arterial, enfermedad cerebrovascular, diabetes mellitus, asma, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y dislipidemia, entre el 2005 y el 2022. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura y un metaanálisis de los estudios identificados mediante las bases de datos Medline y LILACS para sintetizar cuantitativamente el porcentaje de cumplimiento del tratamiento. Resultados. Catorce estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se analizaron 5.658 pacientes. El cumplimiento del tratamiento fue del 59 %, con una heterogeneidad alta entre los estudios incluidos (IC95% = 46-71 %; I2 = 98,8 %, p<0,001). Se obtuvo un mayor cumplimiento para la diabetes mellitus" (79 %; IC95% = 65-90 %) y la dislipidemia (70 %; IC95% = 66-74 %). En los pacientes con hipertensión arterial el cumplimiento fue del 51 % (IC95% = 31-72 %). Conclusiones. La revisión sistemática muestra un bajo cumplimiento de las recomendaciones sobre el manejo farmacológico de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, lo que puede repercutir en los resultados clínicos y en la carga de la enfermedad a largo plazo.

Introduction. Non-communicable chronic diseases represent the leading cause of death worldwide, and their prevalence is increasing due to the epidemiological transition. Despite the advances in their management, control rates are deficient, attributed to multiple factors like adherence to pharmacological treatment, one of the most significant and least studied in the Colombian population. Objective. To calculate adherence to treatment in Colombian patients with arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dyslipidemia between 2005 and 2022. Materials and methods. We performed a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of studies identified through the Medline and LILACS databases to quantitatively synthesize treatment adherence percentage. Results. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and 5,658 patients were analyzed. The treatment adherence was 59%, with significant heterogeneity among the included studies (95% CI= 46- 71%; I2 = 98.8%, p< 0.001). Higher adherence rates were observed for diabetes mellitus (79%; 95% CI = 65- 90%) and dyslipidemia (70%; 95% CI = 66- 74%). Adherence to arterial hypertension treatment was 51% (95 %; CI = 31- 72%). Conclusions. This systematic review showed low adherence to recommendations regarding pharmacological management in non-communicable chronic diseases, which can have implications for long-term clinical outcomes and disease burden.

Relación entre actividad física, sedentarismo y obesidad en adultos, Colombia, 2015

Introducción. La inactividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios demostraron ser factores de riesgo en la prevalencia de enfermedades como la obesidad. Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre la actividad física, el sedentarismo y el estado nutricional en la población de 18 a 64 años en Colombia, 2015. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo el análisis secundario de la encuesta de nutrición de Colombia en 2015, utilizando variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, etnia, área geográfica, región e índice de riqueza) y, además, peso, talla, actividad física y sedentarismo. Se estimaron proporciones e intervalos de confianza al 95 %, utilizando la prueba de ji al cuadrado, regresión logística y razón de momios (Odds ratio). Resultados. La población analizada incluyó 16.607 individuos (54,8 % mujeres y 45,2 % hombres) de 18 a 64 años. Los hombres tuvieron más sobrepeso (37,6 %) que las mujeres, mientras que la obesidad fue más frecuente en mujeres (22,1 %). El 48,3 % no cumple con la recomendación de actividad física; 56,9 % de los adultos pasa dos o más horas al día mirando pantallas. Hubo una asociación significativa (p<0,050) entre el incumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física y la obesidad. Además, el cumplir con la recomendación de actividad física disminuye 1,25 veces la probabilidad de obesidad. Conclusión. La obesidad es un problema de salud para la población adulta, con mayor prevalencia en las mujeres y en los mayores de 30 años. Se relaciona con el incumplimiento de las recomendaciones sobre actividad física y con los comportamientos sedentarios (los cuales son más prevalentes en los afrodescendientes), el cuartil alto de riqueza, el vivir en área urbana y el vivir en Bogotá.

Introduction. Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors were shown to be risk factors in the prevalence of diseases such as obesity. Objective. To conduct an analysis of the relationship between physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status in the population aged 18 to 64 years in Colombia, 2015. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis of the 2015 Colombian nutrition survey was done, using sociodemographic variables (age, sex, ethnicity, geographic area, region, wealth index), along with weight, height, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals, chi-square, logistic regression and odds ratio were estimated. Results. The analyzed population included 16,607 individuals (54.8% women and 45.2% men) aged 18 to 64 years. Men were more overweight (37.6%) than women, while obesity was more frequent in women (22.1%). It was observed that 48.3% did not meet the physical activity recommendations; 56.9% of adults spent two or more hours a day watching screens. There was a significant association (p<0.050) between non-compliance with physical activity recommendations and obesity. In addition, complying with the physical activity recommendation decreases the probability of obesity by 1.25 times. Conclusion. Obesity is a health problem for the adult population, with a higher prevalence in women and in those over 30 years old. It is related to non-compliance with the recommendations about physical activity and sedentary behaviors (which are more prevalent in Afro-descendants), high wealth quartile status, and to reside in urban areas and to live in the Bogotá area.

Perception on effect of AYUSH treatment among patients with selected NCDs at life style diseases clinics from six states of India: Lessons learnt and way forward

Introduction: The AYUSH system of medicine is effective in the case management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched a pilot program in 2016 integrating AYUSH with the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke for community-based screening and management of NCDs. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of AYUSH treatment with Yoga practices in project districts in terms of the adoption of a healthy lifestyle besides relief from NCDs. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in six districts from six states, namely Bhilwara (Rajasthan), Surendranagar (Gujarat), Gaya (Bihar), Darjeeling (West Bengal), Krishna (Andhra Pradesh), and Lakhimpur-Kheri (Uttar Pradesh) with a total sample of 56 lifestyle disease Clinics and 1790 beneficiaries. Results: The results show that 75% of patients were currently doing yoga and 60%–80% of patients experienced various benefits of yoga. These benefits were relief from pain (82%), improvement in appetite (72%), reduction in weakness (72%), and sickness (71%). The study also found that after taking AYUSH treatment, overall 73% of patients reduced dosage of allopathic medicines, 52% had reduced side effects of allopathic medicines, 24% stopped allopathic medicine, and 50% got faster recovery. Conclusion: Low cost and fewer side effects are considered merits of AYUSH medicine that drive its acceptance in the community and could be prioritized under preventive care. The dual form of medicine is the new form emerging option to the existing modern medicine.

Association Between Active Commuting and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Primary Health Care Users

Abstract Background Although active commuting is inversely related to cardiovascular disease risk factors, these associations are unknown among Brazilian primary health care users. Objective To investigate the association between active commuting to daily activities and the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and August 2019, included primary health care users from all 34 primary health care centers in Passo Fundo, a city in southern Brazil. Cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular diseases, and overweight/obesity) were measured by self-reported medical diagnosis using a questionnaire. Active commuting was analyzed dichotomously: daily commuting on foot or by bicycle was considered active, while daily commuting by car, motorcycle, or bus was considered passive. To determine the association between cardiometabolic diseases and active commuting, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression, considering p <0.05 significant. Results The sample consisted of 1443 patients. There was an inverse association between active commuting and type 2 diabetes (PR: 0.59; 95% CI [Confidence Interval]: 0.39-0.90) and overweight/obesity (PR: 0.83: 95% CI: 0.71-0.98). Conclusion A lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity/overweight was observed in people who actively commute. These findings indicate that changes in urban infrastructure to enable safe active commuting will positively impact the health of the population.

Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en pacientes y familias con retinosis pigmentaria

Fundamento: la retinosis pigmentaria, enfermedad ocular de origen genético y baja prevalencia, progresa lentamente en años hacia el deterioro visual severo y afecta el desempeño social. En el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Dr. Salvador Allende, existe un protocolo asistencial institucional que incluye la atención sistemática e integral de los afectados. Objetivo: identificar las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en pacientes con retinosis pigmentaria y en sus familiares. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, realizado entre marzo 2016-marzo 2022, con muestreo no probabilístico e intencionado. Se seleccionaron pacientes y familias registradas en la base de datos del servicio, residentes en los municipios Cerro y Plaza, en La Habana. Resultados: de 145 personas estudiadas (74 enfermos de retinosis pigmentaria y 71 familiares), 138 (95,1 %) presentaban enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, entre las que se destacan la hipertensión arterial (29,7 %), la diabetes mellitus (21,0 %) y la asociación de ambas (13,0 %). En la dispensarización comunitaria se incluyen en el Grupo 4 las personas con déficit visual y además en otros grupos de dispensarización para atender mejor los factores de riesgo y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles halladas en ellos. Conclusiones: la identificación de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles fue útil, para desplegar una atención médica holística e interdisciplinaria que facilite la prevención de enfermedades y complicaciones, permita preservar la visión, optimizar la rehabilitación visual y la calidad de vida. Se recomienda aplicar atento cuidado y mejorar la educación sanitaria en pacientes con retinosis pigmentaria.

Background: retinitis pigmentosa, an ocular disease of genetic origin and low prevalence, slowly progresses over years towards severe visual impairment and affects social performance. In the Ophthalmology Service of the Dr. Salvador Allende Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital, there is an institutional care protocol that includes systematic and comprehensive care for those affected. Objective: to identify chronic non-communicable diseases in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and their relatives. Methods: descriptive, prospective study carried out between March 2016-March 2022, with non-probabilistic and intentional sampling. Patients and families registered in the service's database, residing in the Cerro and Plaza municipalities, in Havana, were selected. Results: of 145 people studied (74 patients with retinitis pigmentosa and 71 relatives), 138 (95.1%) had non-communicable chronic diseases, among which arterial hypertension (29.7%), diabetes mellitus (21 0.0%) and the association of both (13.0%). In community dispensing, people with visual impairment are included in Group 4 and also in other dispensing groups to better attend to the risk factors and chronic non-communicable diseases found in them. Conclusions: the identification of chronic non-communicable diseases was useful to deploy holistic and interdisciplinary medical care that facilitates the prevention of diseases and complications, preserves vision, optimizes visual rehabilitation and quality of life. It is recommended to apply attentive care and improve health education in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Carga das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis nos Países de Língua Portuguesa / The burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Portuguese Language Countries

Resumo Foram analisadas tendências da mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) entre 1990 e 2019, as projeções até 2030 e os fatores de risco atribuíveis a estas doenças na Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP). Utilizou-se estimativas do estudo Carga Global de Doenças e análise da carga de mortalidade prematura por DCNT para nove países da CPLP, utilizando taxas padronizadas por idade, usando-se RStudio. Portugal, Brasil, Guiné Equatorial, Angola e Guiné Bissau apresentam taxas de mortalidade prematura por DCNT em declínio e; Timor Leste, Cabo Verde, São Tomé e Príncipe e Moçambique apresentaram aumento das taxas. As projeções indicam que nenhum dos países deverá atingir as metas de redução em um terço da mortalidade prematura por DCNT até 2030. A carga de doença atribuível mostrou que os fatores de riscos mais importantes em 2019 foram: pressão arterial sistólica elevada, tabaco, riscos dietéticos, índice de massa corporal elevado e poluição do ar. Conclui-se pelas profundas diferenças na carga de DCNT entre os países, com melhores resultados em Portugal e Brasil e que nenhum país do CPLP deverá atingir a meta de redução das DCNT até 2030.

Abstract The present study analyzed trends in premature mortality from Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 1990 and 2019, the projections up to 2030, and the risk factors (RFs) attributable to these diseases in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the analysis of the burden of premature mortality due to NCDs were used for nine CPLP countries, applying age-standardized rates, using RStudio. Portugal, Brazil, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, and Guinea Bissau showed declining premature mortality rates caused by NCDs, while East Timor, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Mozambique showed an increase in rates. Projections indicate that none of the countries is expected to achieve the goals of reducing premature mortality due to NCDs by one third by 2030. The attributable burden of disease showed that the most important RFs in 2019 were: high systolic blood pressure (SBP), tobacco, dietary risks, high body mass index (BMI), and air pollution. It can therefore be concluded that there are profound differences in the burden of NCDs among the countries, with better results in Portugal and Brazil, and that no CPLP country is likely to reach the NCD reduction target by 2030.

Association of Dietary and Physical Activity Patterns and Hypertension in Western Rajasthan, 2022

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease and chronic renal failure. HTN affects about 1 billion people globally; by 2025, up to 1.58 billion adults worldwide are likely to suffer from complications of HTN. This study was done to know the diet and physical activity patterns and HTN among the population of three districts of Western Rajasthan. Objectives: To study the dietary and physical activity patterns among the population of Western Rajasthan. and to compare key findings among three districts Pali, Jodhpur and Barmer so that lifestyle changes can be recommended. Methods: A case-control study was done among attendees of NCD clinics of tertiary-level centers in Pali, Barmer and Jodhpur. Hospital Controls were matched to age (± 5 years) and gender Considering the prevalence of HTN to be 20%*, the proportion of exposure in the general population as 0.2, odds ratio to be 2.2, power =80%, alpha=5% sample size is estimated to be 102 cases & 102 controls (from each district). Results: Overall being married (OR= 3.3), having diabetes Cardiac disease (OR= 2.6), excessive salt consumption (OR= 2.7), moderate physical exercise less than 30 minutes (OR=1.9), using oil other than vegetable oil(OR=1.8) , Age >?60 years (OR =1.4) were the key risk factors. It was found that high BMI (BMI>27), consumption of non-vegetable oils (12.7%) was highest in Jodhpur, lack of moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes (81%), lack of sports activity (92%) was highest in Pali, least number of days/week of fruits and vegetables consumption (~1.64 days) was seen in Barmer. Conclusions: Change in quantity of salt consumption and incorporation of moderate physical exercise for >30 minutes was most followed in control of HTN among the attendees of NCD Clinics from the multiple advise given.

Food and nutrition actions to face Noncommunicable Diseases from the perspective of Primary Health Care in Brazil: a scoping review / Ações de alimentação e nutrição para o enfrentamento das Doenças Não Transmissíveis na perspectiva da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil: uma revisão de escopo

Introdução: as Doenças Não Transmissíveis (DNT) são consideradas um grande problema de saúde pública, o que torna fundamental o desenvolvimento de intervenções de promoção, prevenção e tratamento. Objetivo: sintetizar e avaliar as evidências sobre as ações de alimentação e nutrição para o enfrentamento das DNT em adultos e idosos na perspectiva da APS no Brasil. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo da literatura, guiada pelas diretrizes do JBI e seguida as etapas de Itens de Relatórios Preferenciais para Revisões Sistemáticas e Extensão de Meta-Análises para Revisões de Escopo. A busca ocorreu em 5 bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Central Cochrane Library e LILACS, e a literatura cinza, contemplando os sítios eletrônicos oficiais do governo e a Rede de Alimentação e Nutrição do SUS. Resultados: foram identificados um total de 1844 artigos e apenas 42 artigos se enquadraram nos critérios de elegibilidade da metodologia proposta. Foi identificado que entre as evidências científicas disponibilizadas, as ações de alimentação e nutrição na APS, encontram-se concentradas em estratégias de educação e orientação de hábitos saudáveis para tratamento de DNT baseados em Políticas e Diretrizes Públicas de Nutrição designadas em sua maioria por uma população composta de adultos e uma parte reduzida de idosos. Conclusão: há necessidade de mais estudos publicados sobre ações de alimentação e nutrição na APS, pois as evidências científicas disponíveis não correspondem a 50% dos estados brasileiros, sendo insuficientes para impactar positivamente a situação nutricional do país. Além disso, mais pesquisas com abordagem preventiva às DNT são essenciais, uma vez que a APS caracteriza-se por um conjunto de ações relacionadas à saúde que têm como foco principal a promoção e proteção da saúde.

Introduction: Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) are considered a major public health problem, which makes it essential to develop interventions for promotion, prevention and treatment. Objective: To synthesize and evaluate the evidence on food and nutrition actions for coping with NCDs in adults and the elderly from the perspective of PHC in Brazil. Methods: This is a literature scoping review, guided by JBI guidelines and following the steps of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Extended Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews. The search took place in 5 electronic databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Central Cochrane Library and LILACS, and the gray literature, including the official government websites and the SUS Food and Nutrition Network. Results: A total of 1844 articles were identified and only 42 articles met the eligibility criteria of the proposed methodology. It was identified that, among the available scientific evidence, food and nutrition actions in PHC are concentrated in education strategies and guidance on healthy habits for the treatment of NCD based on Public Nutrition Policies and Guidelines, mostly designated by a population composed of adults and a small proportion of elderly people. Conclusion: there is a need for more studies published on food and nutrition actions in PHC, as the available scientific evidence does not correspond to 50% of the Brazilian states, being insufficient to positively impact the country's nutritional situation. In addition, more research with a preventive approach to NCDs is essential, since PHC is characterized by a set of health-related actions that have as their main focus the promotion and protection of health.

Fatores de risco e doenças não transmissíveis em universitários atendidos em um consultório de enfermagem / Risk factors and non-communicable diseases in university students attended at a nursing office / Factores de riesgo y enfermedades no transmisibles en estudiantes universitarios atendidos en un consultorio de enfermería

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis em estudantes atendidos em um consultório de enfermagem de uma universidade federal da baixada litorânea do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado com 48 acadêmicos usuários do consultório de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A consulta de enfermagem foi implementada como estratégia para produção de dados, a partir de entrevistas. Para análise de dados, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. Resultados: Houve predominância de estudantes na faixa etária de 21 a 25 anos, 85,4% solteiros, 93,8% sem fonte de renda própria, 60,4% não praticam atividade física, 25% com sobrepeso e 93,7% com história familiar para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Conclusão: Face ao exposto, aponta-se para a necessidade de desenvolvimento de ações sistematizadas e políticas institucionais de saúde que contemplem a população universitária, no que tange à prevenção de condições crônicas e à promoção da saúde na comunidade acadêmica. (AU)

Objective: To characterize the epidemiological profile of chronic non-communicable diseases in students attending a nursing office at a federal university in the coastal region of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out with 48 academic users of the nursing office of a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The nursing consultation was implemented as a strategy for data production, based on interviews. For data analysis, descriptive statistics were applied. Results: There was a predominance of students aged 21 to 25 years, 85.4% single, 93.8% without their own source of income, 60.4% do not practice physical activity, 25% overweight and 93.7 % with a family history of non-communicable chronic diseases. Conclusion: In view of the above, there is a need to develop systematized actions and institutional health policies that address the university population, with regard to the prevention of chronic conditions and health promotion in the academic community. (AU)

Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en estudiantes de un consultorio de enfermería de una universidad federal de la región costera de Río de Janeiro. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, realizado con 48 usuarios académicos de la oficina de enfermería de una universidad pública del estado de Rio de Janeiro. La consulta de enfermería se implementó como una estrategia para la producción de datos, basada en entrevistas. Para el análisis de los datos se aplicó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Predominó el alumnado de 21 a 25 años, 85,4% solteros, 93,8% sin fuente de ingresos propia, 60,4% no practica actividad física, 25% sobrepeso y 93,7% con antecedentes familiares de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Conclusión: En vista de lo anterior, existe la necesidad de desarrollar acciones sistematizadas y políticas institucionales de salud que atiendan a la población universitaria, en materia de prevención de enfermedades crónicas y promoción de la salud en la comunidad académica. (AU)

Validación del test Nuevo Signo Vital para la medición de la alfabetización en salud

Background: Health literacy is a determinant, powerful predictor of health. The Newest Vital Sign test (NVS) evaluates health literacy assessing the capacity of participants to understand the nutrition information label of an ice cream. Aim: To validate The NVS test for its application in the sociocultural context on primary care patients in Chile. Material and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 1,117 people aged 58 ± 14 years (70% women) registered in the Cardiovascular Health Program of different Family Health Centers, answered the NVS test. They also answered the Test of Functional Health Literacy for Adults (TOFHLA) and the Health Literacy Survey, European Union (HLS-EU-32). An exploratory analysis was carried out. In addition, the Kuder-Richarson-20 reliability coefficient and Item-Test Point Biserial Correlations were calculated. The construct validity of the NVS was obtained using the Item Response Theory. The sensitivity and specificity of NVS were estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves using the TOFHLA score as gold standard. To establish the cutoff points, the Stratum-Specific Likelihood Ratio analysis was used. Results: The reliability of the test was adequate (KR-20 = 0.7478) and the values of the two logistic parameters model confirmed that the NVS items account for the health literacy construct. Conclusions: The NVS test turned out to be a valid and reliable instrument, and its application is recommended to measure the level of health literacy.